D-Amino acid metabolism in bacteria (2025)

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Volume 170 Issue 1 July 2021
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Tetsuya Miyamoto ,

Tetsuya Miyamoto

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University

, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641,

Japan

Tetsuya Miyamoto, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. Tel.: +81-3-5791-6379, Fax: +81-3-5791-6381, email: [emailprotected]

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Hiroshi Homma

Hiroshi Homma

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University

, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641,

Japan

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The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 170, Issue 1, July 2021, Pages 5–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvab043

Published:

31 March 2021

Article history

Received:

25 December 2020

Accepted:

19 March 2021

Published:

31 March 2021

Corrected and typeset:

17 May 2021

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Abstract

Bacteria produce diverse d-amino acids, which are essential components of cell wall peptidoglycan. Incorporation of these d-amino acids into peptidoglycan contributes to bacterial adaptation to environmental changes and threats. d-Amino acids have been associated with bacterial growth, biofilm formation and dispersal and regulation of peptidoglycan metabolism. The diversity of d-amino acids in bacteria is primarily due to the activities of amino acid racemases that catalyse the interconversion of the d- and l-enantiomers of amino acids. Recent studies have revealed that bacteria possess multiple enzymes with amino acid racemase activities. Therefore, elucidating d-amino acid metabolism by these enzymes is critical to understand the biological significance and behaviour of d-amino acids in bacteria. In this review, we focus on the metabolic pathways of d-amino acids in six types of bacteria.

amino acid racemase, bacteria, d-amino acid, Thermotoga maritima, Thermus thermophilus

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

Topic:

  • metabolism
  • amino acids
  • peptidoglycan
  • thermotoga maritima
  • thermus thermophilus
  • bacteria
  • enzymes

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